Step 1: Integrated Circuit

The linchpin within any cell phone or smart device supply chain is the Integrated Circuit or IC company.

IC companies develop and manufacture the processors, SoCs (System on a Chip) and chipsets which run the devices and are the brains of the machine.

IC companies are able to dictate what happens within this industry by when and what sort of chips they produce. This is where you will begin when you first look to develop a Smartphone.

A couple times a year each IC company will release new processor chips and SoCs, which are compact chipsets designed for smart devices.

An SoC is made up of a processor core, the graphics chipset, the RAM and possibly ROM as well. SoCs are designed to save space and improve performance by grouping all the critical components on a device in one small area.

With the release of a new SoC, you will see better performance and altered configurations which will drive down the cost of the previous models or offer a higher performance model with new features; this evolution drives the high-end Smartphone market.

There are only a handful of IC companies in the world who develop for Smartphones, so when considering what chipset you want there are only a small number of questions that need to be asked, mainly price vs. performance.  

Step 2: PCBA

After a new Processor chip or SoC has been released, the IC company will subsequently release PCBA reference designs so engineering companies can use them to design PCBA layouts.

The engineering company will produce a selection of PCBA layouts which are tested and proven stable to offer to their clients.

This foresightedness saves time and money and allows other key manufacturers in the next stages of the supply chain to use these standardized PCBAs to further reduce time and cost with preplanned designs.

Once you have selected an IC company and chipset you have the option to work on designing a custom PCBA or to choose a predesigned board; this will all depend on a variety of factors but the reality is there is a valid reason why most companies choose to use predesigned boards to save the time.

Step 3: Manufacturing

Integration Company

At this stage the integration company begins to get involved. This key player will be working with the client from the initial concept design up until the end of the production process managing all aspects of the sourcing, development and assembly of the phone.

It is paramount that you work with a well-managed integration company to assist with your project. Their efficient management of the supply chain allows for the lowest possible prices and the fastest production times.

Casing Design

Once a PCBA has been designed, integration companies will get involved to develop cases to fit their specific dimensions. The benefit of working with a standardized PCBA becomes apparent since integration companies can offer predesigned cases for the standardized PCBAs.

Even if the aesthetic design of your case is slightly different, the interior structure can remain the same so you can save on development cost and save time on the overall production.

Hardware Development

While the casing is being produced the integration company continue to work on the development of the remainder of the hardware.

This can become complex and timely as there are still many remaining components to be integrated into the phone with some needing further development.

These including: speaker, mic, ear piece, vibration motor, antenna,  touch panel, screen, packaging, accessories, and battery.

Supply Chain Management

All the remaining components for the phone will have separate suppliers and factories and warrant strong relationships to take advantage of the best pricing. 

The integration companies experience allows them to build long term relationships with suppliers and exploit this time and time again with ever new client. 

The integration companies are able to coordinate all these suppliers and deliver the components to the assembly factories to begin the production.

Step 4: Assembly

Once all of the individual components have reached the assembly factory it is then down to the them to start producing the phone at the most efficient rate possible.

This will all be overlooked by the client through the eyes of the integration company who manage an issue that arises with assembly.

The assembly factory break down there process into two main stages, the trial production where they test their efficiency and the compatibility of all the components and finally to mass production where they start to produce the phone in large bulk quantities ready to be shipped to its final destination.